Como dioses entre los hombres: Una historia de los ricos en Occidente

¿Para qué sirven los ricos y qué debemos hacer con ellos? Los ricos siempre nos han fascinado, a veces de forma problemática. Los pensadores medievales temían que los superricos actuaran «como dioses entre los hombres», y mucho más recientemente, Piketty ha situado la riqueza en el centro de los debates sobre la desigualdad. En esta obra, el profesor Guido Alfani traza la historia de los ricos y los superricos en Occidente, y examina quiénes eran, cómo acumularon su riqueza y qué papel desempeñaron en la sociedad. En un apasionante recorrido que se remonta a la Antigüedad y llega al presente, Alfani muestra el efecto de la riqueza extrema en la sociedad y sus implicaciones sobre la desigualdad económica. La pregunta constante es: ¿para qué sirven los ricos? Y la respuesta a esta pregunta es, sorprendentemente, casi siempre la misma: los ricos tienen sentido en la medida en que contribuyan al bien común. No obstante, en nuestros días, los superricos se han mostrado excepcionalmente reacios a ello, y esto, según Alfani, podría tener consecuencias nefastas, tanto para los ricos como para todos los demás. Esta obra, novedosa y fundamental, responde a una cuestión crucial: ¿qué papel deben desempeñar los ricos en la sociedad, si queremos preservar la democracia?

In this masterly book, [Alfani] offers an insightful long-run perspective and fascinating lessons for the future. A must-read!""—Thomas Piketty, author of Capital in the Twenty-First CenturyA sweeping narrative that shows how the rich historically justified themselves by helping their societies in times of crisis, why they no longer do, and what that may mean for social stabilityThe rich have always fascinated, sometimes in problematic ways. Medieval thinkers feared that the super-rich would act 'as gods among men’; much more recently Thomas Piketty made wealth central to discussions of inequality. In this book, Guido Alfani offers a history of the rich and super-rich in the West, examining who they were, how they accumulated their wealth and what role they played in society. Covering the last thousand years, with frequent incursions into antiquity, and integrating recent research on economic inequality, Alfani finds—despite the different paths to wealth in different eras—fundamental continuities in the behaviour of the rich and public attitudes towards wealth across Western history. His account offers a novel perspective on current debates about wealth and income disparity.Alfani argues that the position of the rich and super-rich in Western society has always been intrinsically fragile; their very presence has inspired social unease. In the Middle Ages, an excessive accumulation of wealth was considered sinful; the rich were expected not to appear to be wealthy. Eventually, the rich were deemed useful when they used their wealth to help their communities in times of crisis. Yet in the twenty-first century, Alfani points out, the rich and the super-rich—their wealth largely preserved through the Great Recession and COVID-19—have been exceptionally reluctant to contribute to the common good in times of crisis, rejecting even such stopgap measures as temporary tax increases. History suggests that this is a troubling development—for the rich, and for everyone else.